Dietary Exposed to Weathered Iranian Heavy Crude Oil : Effects on the detoxification and immune system in Rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli)

Abstract

This study examines whether acute toxic responses played by the immune system depend on which metabolic pathway was induced after exposure to weathered crude oil. We exposed juvenile rockfish to weathered crude oil (Iranian Heavy Crude Oil WIHCO in gelatin capsules) from the Hebei spirit oil spill by feeding. The effects on fish hepatodetoxification enzymes (Cytochrome P4501A) and the expression level of the immune response genes, including interleukin-1beta (IL-1?), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB), Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG 15) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF), were measured in the liver and kidney. The WIHCO-fed fish had significantly higher concentrations of biliary fluorescent metabolites and CYP1A expression during the initial stage after exposure (6 h after exposure) than those of the control group. Similarly, expression levels of IL-1?, p53, NF-kB and ISG15 mRNA were detected highly in the kidney at the early stages of exposure (6 h after exposure). In this study, the apoptosis, phagocytosis activity and cell cycle arrest analysis of juvenile rockfish exposed to WIHCO were measured by flow cytometry, a novel approach. Our results demonstrated that WIHCO caused an increase of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest and inhibition of phagocytic activity in juvenile Rockfish. Several immune-related genes in oil-fed fish were induced at the initial stage o WIHCO in gelatin capsules) from the Hebei spirit oil spill by feeding. The effects on fish hepatodetoxification enzymes (Cytochrome P4501A) and the expression level of the immune response genes, including interleukin-1beta (IL-1?), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB), Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG 15) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF), were measured in the liver and kidney. The WIHCO-fed fish had significantly higher concentrations of biliary fluorescent metabolites and CYP1A expression during the initial stage after exposure (6 h after exposure) than those of the control group. Similarly, expression levels of IL-1?, p53, NF-kB and ISG15 mRNA were detected highly in the kidney at the early stages of exposure (6 h after exposure). In this study, the apoptosis, phagocytosis activity and cell cycle arrest analysis of juvenile rockfish exposed to WIHCO were measured by flow cytometry, a novel approach. Our results demonstrated that WIHCO caused an increase of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest and inhibition of phagocytic activity in juvenile Rockfish. Several immune-related genes in oil-fed fish were induced at the initial stage o