Anti-inflammatory effect of Heterosigma akashiwo in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages

Abstract

Red tide Heterosigma akashiwo (H. akashiwo), a microscopic alga of the Raphidophyceae, causes much damage to all marine ecosystem. Reduce damage to marine ecosystems want to use as a resource. In this study, Ethyl acetate fraction-Methanol fraction (HAEM) obtained from H. akashiwo using organic solvent fractionation and then evaluated anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and zebrafish model. The result exhibited that HAME80 markedly inhibited the productions of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Also, HAEM80 down-regulated the protein expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and Cyclooxygenase (COX-2) as well as the secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In further study, HAME80 improved the survival rate and decreased the yolk edema in LPS-treated zebrafish embryo. Moreover, HAME80 significantly reduced the production of ROS and NO and the cell death induced by LPS- stimulated in zebrafish embryo. The peak was confirmed 1to20 by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Therefore, we suggest that H. akashiwo could be used as a beneficial anti-inflammatory agent.fraction (HAEM) obtained from H. akashiwo using organic solvent fractionation and then evaluated anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and zebrafish model. The result exhibited that HAME80 markedly inhibited the productions of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Also, HAEM80 down-regulated the protein expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and Cyclooxygenase (COX-2) as well as the secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In further study, HAME80 improved the survival rate and decreased the yolk edema in LPS-treated zebrafish embryo. Moreover, HAME80 significantly reduced the production of ROS and NO and the cell death induced by LPS- stimulated in zebrafish embryo. The peak was confirmed 1to20 by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Therefore, we suggest that H. akashiwo could be used as a beneficial anti-inflammatory agent.