A systematic study of the effects of solvents on phenanthrene photooxidation
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Title
- A systematic study of the effects of solvents on phenanthrene photooxidation
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Author(s)
- Shankar, Ravi; An, Joon Geon; Loh, Andrew; Yim, Un Hyuk
- KIOST Author(s)
- An, Joon Geon(안준건); Loh, Andrew(Loh, Andrew); Yim, Un Hyuk(임운혁)
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Alternative Author(s)
- RAVI; 안준건; Andrew; 임운혁
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Publication Year
- 2019-04
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Abstract
- A systematic study of the photooxidation of phenanthrene under simulated environmental conditions was conducted in vitro using polar (methanol, acetonitrile) and non-polar (isooctane, hexane) solvents as media. In all solvents, phenanthrene concentration decreased exponentially as exposure time increased. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis were used to investigate the structural changes induced by photooxidation. After 24 h of photooxidation, FTIR showed the formation of characteristic bands of carboxylic acid in all solvents. In non-polar solvents, characteristic phenanthrene peaks were completely depleted after 48 h. In polar solvents, phenanthrene peaks disappeared at a slower rate, with peaks in acetonitrile disappearing at 72 h and methanol persisting at trace levels at 96 h. The reaction rate was higher in non-polar solvents. The obtained half-lives were observed in the following order: isooctane (13.2 h)> hexane (13.5 h)> methanol (18.0 h)> acetonitrile (22.8 h). FTIR and GC-MS results were in good agreement and showed the formation of carboxylic acids, aldehydes, and ketones in polar solvents and carboxylic acids, alkanes, and alkanoic acids in non-polar solvents. Products such as primary amides induced by solvent effects were observed in acetonitrile. Based on the results, the solvents were rated and a solvent selection guide for photooxidation of PAHs was provided. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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ISSN
- 0045-6535
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URI
- https://sciwatch.kiost.ac.kr/handle/2020.kiost/660
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DOI
- 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.206
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Bibliographic Citation
- CHEMOSPHERE, v.220, pp.900 - 909, 2019
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Publisher
- PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
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Subject
- POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; AQUEOUS PHOTODEGRADATION; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; CRUDE-OIL; PHOTOCHEMICAL DEGRADATION; PHOTOLYSIS; PAHS; WATER; KINETICS; IDENTIFICATION
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Keywords
- Phenanthrene; Photooxidation; Solvents; Photoproducts; FTIR; GC-MS
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Type
- Article
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Language
- English
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Document Type
- Article
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