Anti-inflammatory effect from viscera of Turbo cornutus extract against lipopolysaccharidestimulated inflammatory response through regulating MAPK and NF-kB signaling pathways in RAW 264.7 macrophages and zebrafish model

Abstract

Turbo cornutus, the horned turban sea snail, is found along intertidal and basaltic shorelines and is an important fishery resource of Jeju Island. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of 70% ethanol extract from the viscera of T. cornutus (TVE) in in vitro LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and in vivo zebrafish embryos. TVE reduced the production of LPS-stimulated NO and PGE2 without toxicity. Also, TVE downregulated the protein expression of LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 and suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. Furthermore, mechanistic studies indicated that TEV suppressed JNK phosphorylation and NF-kB activation. In zebrafish embryos, TEV did not show developmental toxicity according to the survival rate and cell death levels. In LPS-stimulated zebrafish embryos, TEV inhibited NO production and cell death levels. In conclusion, TVE has a potential anti-inflammatory property that can be exploited as a functional food ingredient.