DNA 바코딩, 과학수사, 그리고 DNAchip 기술의 응용

Abstract

Among the 1,121 recognized fish species in Korean waters, approximately 9% (12 Elasmobranchii and 88 Actinopterygii species) have been barcoded with regards to the COI sequences. The DNA barcodes have been used for investigation of correctness in species labeling for the fish products in the market which are usually processed and indistinguishable by appearance. In the case of the raw fish fillet of the red sea bream Pagrus major, 10 out of 22 samples examined turned out to be different species such as Sciaenops ocellatus, Seriola lalandi, Trachinotus ovatus, Mugil cephalus, and Oreochromis mossambicus. For an elasmobranch fish Raja pulchra which is indigenous to Korean waters and highly valued, other imported skates and rays are sometimes sold in place of the species. One of the advantages of the DNA barcode is its applicability in DNA chip technology so that high throughput examination of species can be possible. In a test experiment, oligonucleotide probes of 17 to 25 nucleotide long sequences from 45 fish species were imbedded onto a glass and a few DNA samples were applied, revealing that most species were separately identified with clear hybridization spots. Recent advancement in DNA chip technology increases the utilization potential of the DNA barcode as the fast and objective measures for species identification.