Effects of pCO2 on the hatching of Artemia franciscana cysts

Abstract

Marine organisms during early development are susceptible to increased carbon dioxide physiologically and ecologically. To study the responses of marine organisms on the elevated pCO2, we estimated the hatching rate of Artemia franciscana cysts. pCO2 treatments in seawater (25 L) were 87 ± 5 ~ 663 ± 1 ppm (10 batches, 29.5 ± 0.03 ℃, 24.2 psu, pH 8.08 ± 0.01 ~ 8.69 ± 0.03) and 503 ± 1 ~ 1,324 ± 2 ppm (8 batches, 29.6 ± 0.02 ℃, 24.2 psu, pH 7.70 ± 0.01 ~ 8.13 ± 0.01). pCO2 was extracted continuously from the each treatments using the newly designed equilibrators and then was directly measured using NDIR (Non-dispersive infrared gas sensor). Under the each pCO2 conditions, Artemia franciscana cysts (11/ml) were incubated for 24 hours and then the hatching rate was analyzed. When measuring pCO2, there were no morphological impaired cysts and larvae in all treatments. The correlation between pCO2 and the hatching rates from 18 batches was significantly negative (p<0.05). In this study, the increased pCO2 would affect to the hatching of Artemia franciscana cysts. cysts. pCO2 treatments in seawater (25 L) were 87 ± 5 ~ 663 ± 1 ppm (10 batches, 29.5 ± 0.03 ℃, 24.2 psu, pH 8.08 ± 0.01 ~ 8.69 ± 0.03) and 503 ± 1 ~ 1,324 ± 2 ppm (8 batches, 29.6 ± 0.02 ℃, 24.2 psu, pH 7.70 ± 0.01 ~ 8.13 ± 0.01). pCO2 was extracted continuously from the each treatments using the newly designed equilibrators and then was directly measured using NDIR (Non-dispersive infrared gas sensor). Under the each pCO2 conditions, Artemia franciscana cysts (11/ml) were incubated for 24 hours and then the hatching rate was analyzed. When measuring pCO2, there were no morphological impaired cysts and larvae in all treatments. The correlation between pCO2 and the hatching rates from 18 batches was significantly negative (p<0.05). In this study, the increased pCO2 would affect to the hatching of Artemia franciscana cysts.