1970년대 남극 웨덜해의 심층대류 현상은 다시일어날 것인가?

Abstract

The Weddell Sea polynya only appeared during the mid 1970s, and theassociated deep-water formation rate was estimated to be 1.6-3.2 Sv. Thisopen-ocean polynya is potentially an important contributor to ocean ventilationand deep-water formation through open-ocean deep convection. In this study, a sea-ice - ocean coupled general circulation model is utilized to assess the response of sea-ice - ocean interaction to the intensifying Southern Hemisphere westerly winds that is expected to occur in a warming climate. The enhanced negative wind stress curl gives rise to open-ocean deep convection in the Weddell Sea. The surface water masses appear to sink to the bottom of the sea within 10 years, and then to flow eastward under the influence of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). The formation rate of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) formation increases, and so does the density of water columns south of the ACC. Together with the effect of the increased outflow of North Atlantic Deep Water, this leads to an increase in the meridional density gradient across the ACC, eventually acting to increase the volume transport of its current via the thermal wind balance.