Air-sea CO2 flux in the Pacific Ocean for the period 1990-2009 SCIE SCOPUS

Cited 61 time in WEB OF SCIENCE Cited 68 time in Scopus
Title
Air-sea CO2 flux in the Pacific Ocean for the period 1990-2009
Author(s)
Ishii, M.; Feely, R.A.; Rodgers, K.B.; Park, G.-H.; Wanninkhof, R.; Sasano, D.; Sugimoto, H.; Cosca, C.E.; Nakaoka, S.; Telszewski, M.; Nojiri, Y.; Mikaloff Fletcher, S.E.; Niwa, Y.; Patra, P.K.; Valsala, V.; Nakano, H.; Lima, I.; Doney, S.C.; Buitenhuis, E.T.; Aumont, O.; Dunne, J.P.; Lenton, A.; Takahashi, T.
KIOST Author(s)
Park, Geun-Ha(박근하)
Alternative Author(s)
박근하
Publication Year
2014
Abstract
Air-sea CO2 fluxes over the Pacific Ocean are known to be characterized by coherent large-scale structures that reflect not only ocean subduction and upwelling patterns, but also the combined effects of wind-driven gas exchange and biology. On the largest scales, a large net CO influx into the extratropics is associated with a robust seasonal cycle, and a large net CO efflux from the tropics is associated with substantial interannual variability. In this work, we have synthesized estimates of the net air-sea CO flux from a variety of products, drawing upon a variety of approaches in three sub-basins of the Pacific Ocean, i.e., the North Pacific extratropics (18-66° N), the tropical Pacific (18° S-18° N), and the South Pacific extratropics (44.5-18° S). These approaches include those based on the measurements of CO partial pressure in surface seawater (pCO2sw), inversions of ocean-interior CO data, forward ocean biogeochemistry models embedded in the ocean general circulation models (OBGCMs), a model with assimilation of pCOsw data, and inversions of atmospheric CO measurements. Long-term means, interannual variations and mean seasonal variations of the regionally integrated fluxes were compared in each of the sub-basins over the last two decades, spanning the period from 1990 through 2009. A simple average of the long-term mean fluxes obtained with surface water pCO diagnostics and those obtained with ocean-interior CO2 inversions are -0.47±0.13 PgC yr in the North Pacific extratropics, +0.44±0.14 PgC yr in the tropical Pacific, and -0.37±0.08 PgC yr in the South Pacific extratropics, where positive fluxes are into the atmosphere. This suggests that approximately half of the CO taken up over the North and South Pacific extratropics is released back to the atmosphere from the tropical Pacific. These estimates of the regional fluxes are also supported by the estimates from OBGCMs after adding the riverine Co flux, i.e.0.49±0.02 PgC yr in the North Pacific extratropics, +0.41±0.05 PgC yr in the tropical Pacific, and -0.39±0.11 PgC yr in the South Pacific extratropics. The estimates from the atmospheric CO inversions show large variations amongst different inversion systems, but their median fluxes are consistent with the estimates from climatological pCO2sw data and pCOsw diagnostics. In the South Pacific extratropics, where CO variations in the surface and ocean interior are severely undersampled, the difference in the air-sea CO flux estimates between the diagnostic models and ocean-interior CO inversions is larger (0.18 PgC yr). The range of estimates from forward OBGCMs is also large (-0.19 to -0.72 PgC yr). Regarding interannual variability of air-sea CO fluxes, positive and negative anomalies are evident in the tropical Pacific during the cold and warm events of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation in the estimates from pCOsw diagnostic models and from OBGCMs. They are consistent in phase with the Southern Oscillation Index, but the peak-to-peak amplitudes tend to be higher in OBGCMs (0.40±0.09 PgC yr) than in the diagnostic models (0.27±0.07 PgC yr. © Author(s) 2014.
ISSN
1726-4170
URI
https://sciwatch.kiost.ac.kr/handle/2020.kiost/2880
DOI
10.5194/bg-11-709-2014
Bibliographic Citation
Biogeosciences, v.11, no.3, pp.709 - 734, 2014
Publisher
European Geosciences Union (EGU).
Type
Article
Language
English
Document Type
Article
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