Hexabromocyclododecane in polystyrene based consumer products: An evidence of unregulated use
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Title
- Hexabromocyclododecane in polystyrene based consumer products: An evidence of unregulated use
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Author(s)
- Rani, Manviri; Shim, Won Joon; Han, Gi Myung; Jang, Mi; Song, Young Kyoung; Hong, Sang Hee
- KIOST Author(s)
- Shim, Won Joon(심원준); Han, Gi Myung(한기명); Jang, Mi(장미); Hong, Sang Hee(홍상희)
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Alternative Author(s)
- MANVIRI; 심원준; 한기명; 장미; 송영경; 홍상희
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Publication Year
- 2014-09
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Abstract
- Polystyrene (PS) is made flame retardant by combining with hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD). HBCD can release from consumer products during their production, use or disposal. As a result, it has become a ubiquitous contaminant in the environment with a high potential for bioaccumulation. Therefore, to evaluate the extent of exposure to HBCD from PS, we determined the concentration of HBCD in a variety of products (n = 34) made from three types of commonly used PS: expanded PS (EPS), extruded PS foam (XPS), and extruded PS. The concentration of HBCD was highest in EPS, with a mean value and range of 475643 +/- 16710 ng g(-1) and 106-960000 ng g(-1), respectively. PS related to building construction and laboratory uses had a significantly higher concentration of HBCD (3300-905000 ng g(-1)), except XPS styroboard (191 +/- 100 ng g(-1)). Lower concentrations were measured in most food-related products (24.3-199 ng g(-1)). However, a relatively high concentration of HBCD was detected in an ice box (960000 +/- 29000 ng g(-1)), aquaculture buoy (53500 +/- 2100 ng g(-1)), and disposable tray (8430 +/- 730 ng g(-1)) used in fish market, raising concern for public health. Our data demonstrate a wide variation in the concentration of HBCD, suggesting a lack of proper controls for the addition of HBCD to PS products. Other brominated flame retardants (BFRs) were also detected in a majority of the XPS products (TBBPA = 3.83-545 ng g(-1), BTBPE = 44-216 ng g(-1), and DBDPE = 215-4200 ng g(-1)). Thus, HBCD is being added to PS along with other BFRs that cannot be ignored. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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ISSN
- 0045-6535
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URI
- https://sciwatch.kiost.ac.kr/handle/2020.kiost/2740
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DOI
- 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.02.022
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Bibliographic Citation
- CHEMOSPHERE, v.110, pp.111 - 119, 2014
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Publisher
- PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
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Subject
- BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; TETRABROMOBISPHENOL-A TBBPA; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; PLASTIC DEBRIS; COASTAL WATERS; MARINE DEBRIS; SEDIMENT CORE; SOUTH-KOREA; CHINA
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Keywords
- Brominated flame retardants; HBCD; Polystyrene products; Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
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Type
- Article
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Language
- English
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Document Type
- Article
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