Water mass formations in the intermediate and deep layers of theOkinawa Trough are investigated in connection with water mass distributionsnear the slope areas east of Taiwan and the Ryukyu Islands. We use two distinctdatasets: a quasi-climatological salinity, potential temperature and depth dataseton the minimum salinity surface with a relatively high horizontal resolution(1/3°×1/3°), which was produced with Argo float profile data in addition tohistorical CTD data, and a velocity dataset below about 500 m depth in theKerama Gap during 2009/06– 2011/06, which was measured by mooredcurrent-meters.i-climatological salinity, potential temperature and depth dataseton the minimum salinity surface with a relatively high horizontal resolution(1/3°×1/3°), which was produced with Argo float profile data in addition tohistorical CTD data, and a velocity dataset below about 500 m depth in theKerama Gap during 2009/06– 2011/06, which was measured by mooredcurrent-meters.