Marine acidification and climate change the effect on soft coral gene expression

Abstract

Rising at atmospheric CO2 concentrations are placing spatially divergent stresses on the worlds tropical coral reefs through increasing ocean surface temperatures and ocean acidification. The carbon dioxide among the atmosphere is dissolved in the sea water, increase the concentration of the hydrogen ion. The concentration of the carbon dioxide maintained 260 ppm before industrial revolution. The biological and physiological processes of many organisms will be challenged by increasingly acidic conditions and temperatures.In preliminary experiments, we carried out temperature and pH stress experiment independently in each experiment. In this research, We studied the physiological aspect, and transcriptional responses of the soft coral (Scleronephthya gracillimum) in Korea against combination of heat and carbon dioxide (CO2) with or without. We collected corals from Jeju , Korea. The pH stress (pH 7.0, pH 7.5), heat stress (28 0C) and pH, heat stress (28 0C + pH 7.0, 28 0C + pH 7.5) exposure for 24 hr induces morphological changes. For the microarray experiment we exposed corals to a various pH stress (pH 7.0, pH 7.5), heat stress (28 0C) and pH, heat stress (28 0C + pH 7.0, 28 0C + pH 7.5). As the results, We found the shared genes in corals responding to various stresses. Eight common genes expressions were induced and 9 common genes were reduced over 2 fold by 28 0C, pH 7.0, pH 7.5, 28 0C + pH 7.0 and 28 0C + pHed in the sea water, increase the concentration of the hydrogen ion. The concentration of the carbon dioxide maintained 260 ppm before industrial revolution. The biological and physiological processes of many organisms will be challenged by increasingly acidic conditions and temperatures.In preliminary experiments, we carried out temperature and pH stress experiment independently in each experiment. In this research, We studied the physiological aspect, and transcriptional responses of the soft coral (Scleronephthya gracillimum) in Korea against combination of heat and carbon dioxide (CO2) with or without. We collected corals from Jeju , Korea. The pH stress (pH 7.0, pH 7.5), heat stress (28 0C) and pH, heat stress (28 0C + pH 7.0, 28 0C + pH 7.5) exposure for 24 hr induces morphological changes. For the microarray experiment we exposed corals to a various pH stress (pH 7.0, pH 7.5), heat stress (28 0C) and pH, heat stress (28 0C + pH 7.0, 28 0C + pH 7.5). As the results, We found the shared genes in corals responding to various stresses. Eight common genes expressions were induced and 9 common genes were reduced over 2 fold by 28 0C, pH 7.0, pH 7.5, 28 0C + pH 7.0 and 28 0C + pH