Implementation of Integrally Coupled Model: Revisit Simulation of DDay Normandy Invasion

Abstract

Known as one of the greatest military secrets of all time Operation Overlord, thecross-Channel invasion of the northern coast of France on June 6, 1944, called forthe Allies with accurate weather prediction , subsequently wave and tidal forecastfor land operation. The entire plan was dubbed Operation Neptune on all documentsafter September 1943 to uphold the utmost confidentiality. Some details are nowreported for wave forecast (Charles C. Bates, Sea, Swell and Surf Forecasting forD-Day and Beyond: The Anglo-American Effort, 1943- 1945, 2010) and tidalpredictions for Normandy coasts (Bruce Parker, The tide predictions for D-Day,2011, Physics Today 64(9), 35). Times of small wave height and low tidal conditionswere essential for successful landing. We are now revisiting the forecasts via modernday updated numerical modeling based on coupled tide-wave-storm surge physics.The wind conditions are reproduced by using the meteorological conditions (airpressure, air and water temperature supplied from ECMWF data assimilation group byDr. Beresfored, Reading University). An integrally coupled tide-surge-wave modelbased on the identical and homogeneous mesh of unstructured grid system and surfmodel were used for correct resolving of the physics of tide-wave-surge interactionand performing for each transect, perpendicular to the beach, respectively. The FEMmodel domain widely covers theal forecastfor land operation. The entire plan was dubbed Operation Neptune on all documentsafter September 1943 to uphold the utmost confidentiality. Some details are nowreported for wave forecast (Charles C. Bates, Sea, Swell and Surf Forecasting forD-Day and Beyond: The Anglo-American Effort, 1943- 1945, 2010) and tidalpredictions for Normandy coasts (Bruce Parker, The tide predictions for D-Day,2011, Physics Today 64(9), 35). Times of small wave height and low tidal conditionswere essential for successful landing. We are now revisiting the forecasts via modernday updated numerical modeling based on coupled tide-wave-storm surge physics.The wind conditions are reproduced by using the meteorological conditions (airpressure, air and water temperature supplied from ECMWF data assimilation group byDr. Beresfored, Reading University). An integrally coupled tide-surge-wave modelbased on the identical and homogeneous mesh of unstructured grid system and surfmodel were used for correct resolving of the physics of tide-wave-surge interactionand performing for each transect, perpendicular to the beach, respectively. The FEMmodel domain widely covers the