Challenges and advances in climate projection methodology and their use in projecting oceans futures

Abstract

Increasing computational power, improved fidelity of climate models and data obtained by global observing networks have advanced our understanding of both climate change and climate model evaluation. In addition, Coupled Model Intercomparison Projects (CMIPs) have contributed to improving climate model ability to reproduce past climates as well as climate variability through the use of ensemble modeling approaches. Nevertheless, typical model resolution is a half to one degree in latitude/longitude in the ocean model component, which climate models and data obtained by global observingnetworks have advanced our understanding of both climate change and climate model evaluation. In addition, Coupled Model Intercomparison Projects (CMIPs) have contributedto improving climate model ability to reproduce past climates as well as climate variability through the use of ensemble modeling approaches.