미세플라스틱에 얽힌 동물플랑크톤 출현: 현장과 실험실 연구

Abstract

Despite numerous studies on the deleterious effects of microplastics on zooplankton, little is known about entanglement of zooplankton with fiber microplastics in the marine environment. Probability in entanglement of zooplankton with microfiber was investigated in samples of zooplankton from the Korean waters and demonstrated in laboratory. Zooplankton samples were collected with a standard type net (200 ㎛mesh) in the Yellow Sea and a Manta-trawl with 330 ㎛mesh in the Jinhae bay in 2013. Averaged abundances of zooplankton and fiber microplastic ranged from 315 to 1,162 inds.m-3 and 2.55-4.91 particles m-3 in the Yellow Sea, from 102 to 281 inds.m-3 and 0.15-0.25 particles m-3 in the Jinhae bay, respectively. The average ratio of microplastic to zooplankton, indicating encounter rate, was 0.03(Yellow Sea) and 0.01(Jinhae bay) in 2013. The incidence of entangled zooplankton with microfiber was 17% in the Yellow Sea and 20% in the Jinhae bay. The entangled zooplankton were copepods (Acartia omorii, Calanus sinicus, Centropages abdominalis), chaetognaths (Sagitta sp.), cladocerans (Penilia avirostris) and barnacle nauplii. Fiber microplastic polymers were polyester, emery cloth, Kayocel, and cotton. Laboratory studies reproduced that the entanglement was first observed after 24 hour exposure under environmentally realistic concentration. And the entanglement clearly increased to maximum 11 individuals under the conditfiber was investigated in samples of zooplankton from the Korean waters and demonstrated in laboratory. Zooplankton samples were collected with a standard type net (200 ㎛mesh) in the Yellow Sea and a Manta-trawl with 330 ㎛mesh in the Jinhae bay in 2013. Averaged abundances of zooplankton and fiber microplastic ranged from 315 to 1,162 inds.m-3 and 2.55-4.91 particles m-3 in the Yellow Sea, from 102 to 281 inds.m-3 and 0.15-0.25 particles m-3 in the Jinhae bay, respectively. The average ratio of microplastic to zooplankton, indicating encounter rate, was 0.03(Yellow Sea) and 0.01(Jinhae bay) in 2013. The incidence of entangled zooplankton with microfiber was 17% in the Yellow Sea and 20% in the Jinhae bay. The entangled zooplankton were copepods (Acartia omorii, Calanus sinicus, Centropages abdominalis), chaetognaths (Sagitta sp.), cladocerans (Penilia avirostris) and barnacle nauplii. Fiber microplastic polymers were polyester, emery cloth, Kayocel, and cotton. Laboratory studies reproduced that the entanglement was first observed after 24 hour exposure under environmentally realistic concentration. And the entanglement clearly increased to maximum 11 individuals under the condit