Effects of the particles of manganese nodule on the survival and hatching of cyclopoid copepod Oncaea venusta

Abstract

We tested the effects of the particles of manganese nodule on the survival and hatching of in situ copepod Oncaea venusta using acute toxicity test. The copepod ingested the particles and the egested fecal pellets were observed. O. venusta ingested the particles and the egested fecal pellets were observed. In terms of the survival responses of the copepod exposed to three sizes of manganese nodule particles at various concentrations, copepod survival was affected compared with the control when exposed to particle A and B on day 12. As a result, O. venusta may be a suitable organism to assess the effects of the particle of manganese nodule in situ bioassay. ingested the particles and the egested fecal pellets were observed. In terms of the survival responses of the copepod exposed to three sizes of manganese nodule particles at various concentrations, copepod survival was affected compared with the control when exposed to particle A and B on day 12. As a result, O. venusta may be a suitable organism to assess the effects of the particle of manganese nodule in situ bioassay.