Releasing of hexabromocyclododecanes from expanded polystyrenes in seawater -field and laboratory experiments
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Title
- Releasing of hexabromocyclododecanes from expanded polystyrenes in seawater -field and laboratory experiments
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Author(s)
- Rani, Manviri; Shim, Won Joon; Jang, Mi; Han, Gi Myung; Hong, Sang Hee
- KIOST Author(s)
- Shim, Won Joon(심원준); Jang, Mi(장미); Han, Gi Myung(한기명); Hong, Sang Hee(홍상희)
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Alternative Author(s)
- 심원준; 장미; 한기명; 홍상희
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Publication Year
- 2017-10
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Abstract
- Expanded polystyrene (EPS) is a major component of marine debris globally. Recently, hazardous hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs) were detected in EPS buoys used for aquaculture farming. Subsequently, enrichment of HBCDDs was found in nearby marine sediments and mussels growing on EPS buoys. It was suspected that EPS buoys and their debris might be sources of HBCDDs. To confirm this, the release of HBCDD5 from EPS spherules detached from a buoy to seawater was investigated under field (open sea surface and closed outdoor chambers with sun exposure and in the dark) and laboratory (particle-size) conditions. In all exposure groups, initial rapid leaching of HBCDDs was followed by slow desorption over time. Abundant release of HBCDD5 was observed from EPS spherules exposed to the open sea surface (natural) and on exposure to sunlight irradiation or in the dark in controlled saline water. Water leaching and UV-light/temperature along with possibly biodegradation were responsible for about 37% and 12% of HBCDDs flux, respectively. Crumbled EPS particles (<= 1 mm) in samples deployed on the sea surface for 6 months showed a high degree of weathering. This implies that surface erosion and further fragmentation of EPS via environmental weathering could enhance the leaching of HBCDDs from the surface of EPS. Overall, in the marine environment, HBCDDs could be released to a great extent from EPS products and their debris due to the cumulative effects of the movement of large volumes of water (dilution), biodegradation, UV-light/temperature, wave action (shaking), salinity and further fragmentation of EPS spherules. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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ISSN
- 0045-6535
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URI
- https://sciwatch.kiost.ac.kr/handle/2020.kiost/1148
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DOI
- 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.042
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Bibliographic Citation
- CHEMOSPHERE, v.185, pp.798 - 805, 2017
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Publisher
- PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
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Subject
- BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; PLASTIC DEBRIS; MARINE DEBRIS; SOUTH-KOREA; HYDROXYLATED METABOLITES; LEACHING CHARACTERISTICS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; COASTAL WATERS; HEAVY-METALS
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Keywords
- Microplastic; Expanded polystyrene; Additive; HBCDDs; Leaching; Marine environment
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Type
- Article
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Language
- English
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Document Type
- Article
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