Increased Anti-Inflammatory Effects on LPS-Induced Microglia Cells by Spirulina maxima Extract from Ultrasonic Process
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Title
- Increased Anti-Inflammatory Effects on LPS-Induced Microglia Cells by Spirulina maxima Extract from Ultrasonic Process
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Author(s)
- Choi, Woon Yong; Sim, Jae-Hun; Lee, Jung-Youl; Kang, Do Hyung; Lee, Hyeon Yong
- KIOST Author(s)
- Kang, Do Hyung(강도형)
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Alternative Author(s)
- 강도형
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Publication Year
- 2019-05
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Abstract
- The Spirulina maxima exact from a non-thermal ultrasonic process (UE) contains 17.5 mg/g of total chlorophyll, compared to 6.24 mg/g of chlorophyll derived from the conventional 70% ethanol extraction at 80 degrees C for 12 h (EE). The UE also showed relatively low cytotoxicity against murine microglial cells (BV-2) and inhibited the production of the inflammatory mediators, NO and PGE(2). The UE also effectively suppresses both mRNA expression and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-1 beta, in a concentration-dependent manner. Notably, TNF-alpha gene and protein production were most strongly down-regulated, while IL-6 was the least affected by all ranges of treatment concentrations. This work first demonstrated a quantitative correlation between mRNA expression and the production of cytokines, showing that suppression of TNF-alpha gene expression was most significantly correlated with its secretion. These results clearly proved that the anti-inflammatory effects of Spirulina extract from a nonthermal ultrasonic process, which yielded high concentrations of intact forms of chlorophylls, were increased two-fold compared to those of conventional extracts processed at high temperature.
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ISSN
- 2076-3417
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URI
- https://sciwatch.kiost.ac.kr/handle/2020.kiost/639
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DOI
- 10.3390/app9102144
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Bibliographic Citation
- APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL, v.9, no.10, 2019
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Publisher
- MDPI
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Keywords
- Spirulina maxima; anti-inflammatory effects; neuroproective activities; ultrasonic extraction process
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Type
- Article
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Language
- English
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Document Type
- Article
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