Applicability of block pavement in a harbor based on deflection and settlement characteristics

Abstract

In ports, the pavement often experiences differential settlement and cracks due to soft ground and heavy equipment. This study explores two configurations of port blocks applied in a harbor to understand deflection and settlement characteristics. Falling weight deflectometer (FWD) tests were conducted on asphalt pavement and block pavements to assess deflection. A cement-treated base showed better bearing capacity and settlement management during harbor operations compared to asphalt pavement. LiDAR measurements detected multiple settlements in the crushed stone base post-construction due to surface loads. The relative deflection ratio correlated with settlements. Settlements were minimal (less than 5 cm), indicating that block pavement, with its versatile application and the strength of the cement-treated base, can be effectively used in various harbor settings.