Picocyanobacterial Contribution to the Total Primary Production in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean

Abstract

Picocyanobacteria (Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus) play an important role in primary production and biogeochemical cycles in the subtropical and tropical Pacific Ocean, but little biological information on them is currently available in the North Pacific Ocean (NPO). The present study aimed to determine the picocyanobacterial contributions to the total primary production in the regions in the NPO using a combination of a dual stable isotope method and metabolic inhibitor. In terms of cell abundance, Prochlorococcus were mostly dominant (95.7 +/- 1.4%) in the tropical Pacific region (hereafter, TP), whereas Synechococcus accounted for 50.8%-93.5% in the subtropical and temperate Pacific region (hereafter, SP). Regionally, the averages of primary production and picocyanobacterial contributions were 11.66 mg C m(-2)center dot h(-1) and 45.2% (+/- 4.8%) in the TP and 22.83 mg C m(-2)center dot h(-1) and 70.2% in the SP, respectively. In comparison to the carbon, the average total nitrogen uptake rates and picocyanobacterial contributions were 10.11 mg N m(-2)center dot h(-1) and 90.2% (+/- 5.3%) in the TP and 4.12 mg N m(-2)center dot h(-1) and 63.5%, respectively. These results indicate that picocyanobacteria is responsible for a large portion of the total primary production in the region, with higher contribution to nitrogen uptake rate than carbon. A long-term monitoring on the picocyanobacterial variability and contributions to primary production should be implemented under the global warming scenario with increasing ecological roles of picocyanobacteria.