Genetic analysis of fertilization and developmental rates

Abstract

Triclosan (5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) phenol), a chemical used for its antibacterial and antifungal properties, is a component in household products as soaps, toothpastes and shaving cream. However, many researchers introduced that triclosan is converted with the dioxin by UV of sunshine and induced environmental pollution. In this study, fertilization and early embryo developmental rates comparison of sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus nudus) was accomplished to identify toxicity of triclosan which is thought with the environmental contaminant. The sea urchin fertilized eggs evidenced a fertilization rate of 99% in control group (no treatment). By way of contrast, 1 μM triclosan treated fertilized eggs evidenced low fertilized rate of 80%. Also, Fertilization was not performed in higher triclosan concentration. After fertilization, we identified that early embryo developmental rates in triclosan treated group were reduced by up to 50% compared to control group for all stages of development. To process molecular work, microarray analysis was investigated. This result showed that developmental related genes in triclosan treated group were significantly reduced than control group. These genes (Homeobox protein EMX-1, bone morphogenic protein, and chromosomal binding protein) were confirmed by qReal-time PCR. Our results demonstrate that triclosan confers developmental rates reduction