Toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles in Hydra

Abstract

The toxic effects of ZnO nanoparticles were evaluated in Hydra. The median of lethal concentration (LC50) were determined to be 8.71 mg/L and 6.98 mg/L after exposure to ZnO for 72 h and 96 h, respectively in 20 nm ZnO. In case of the 100 nm ZnO, LC50 were determined to be 14.94 mg/L and 9.93 mg/L for 72 h and 96 h, respectively. The differential expressed gene profiling was carried out by using 17 K Hydra Expressed Gene Microarray. Hydra polyps were exposed to both ZnO nanoparticles for 12 h and 24 h at 1/50 of LC50 for 96 h. The results of functional annotation in ZnO nanoparticles (20 mM) exposed Hydra showed that tumorigenesis might be induced since TGF-β signaling pathway at 12 h exposed group and natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity at 24 h group were activated. Alteration in Wnt signaling pathway at 24 h exposed group could be linked to teratogenesis. The results in electron microscopy in ZnO nanoparticle exposed Hydra indicate the acute toxicity of the nanoparticles seemed to be indirect in Hydra.m ZnO, LC50 were determined to be 14.94 mg/L and 9.93 mg/L for 72 h and 96 h, respectively. The differential expressed gene profiling was carried out by using 17 K Hydra Expressed Gene Microarray. Hydra polyps were exposed to both ZnO nanoparticles for 12 h and 24 h at 1/50 of LC50 for 96 h. The results of functional annotation in ZnO nanoparticles (20 mM) exposed Hydra showed that tumorigenesis might be induced since TGF-β signaling pathway at 12 h exposed group and natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity at 24 h group were activated. Alteration in Wnt signaling pathway at 24 h exposed group could be linked to teratogenesis. The results in electron microscopy in ZnO nanoparticle exposed Hydra indicate the acute toxicity of the nanoparticles seemed to be indirect in Hydra.