Morphology and phylogeny of Pentapharsodinium jinhaense sp. nov. (Dinophyceae) producing a calcareous resting cyst

Abstract

A new species, Pentapharsodinium jinhaense sp. nov., was established by incubating restingcysts, which were collected from trap samples from Jinhae-Masan Bay, Korea. The restingcysts of P. jinhaense were spherical or ovoidal, with a large reddish pigment body and a thickwall covered by numerous needle-shaped calcareous crystals. The size, shape and platetabulation of motile cells that germinated from the resting cysts were similar to those ofPentapharsodinium tyrrhenicum and Ensiculifera carinata however, the motile cells had aspine located in the anterior sulcal plate, and many pores and spines on the thecal surface.Molecular phylogenetic analysis using internal transcribed spacer and 5.8s rDNA showed thatP. jinhaense was closely related to P. tyrrhenicum. Large subunit ribosomal DNA sequencesalso revealed that P. jinhaense was nested within Pentapharsodinium and formed a stronglysupported clade with P. dalei and P. tyrrhenicum.ge reddish pigment body and a thickwall covered by numerous needle-shaped calcareous crystals. The size, shape and platetabulation of motile cells that germinated from the resting cysts were similar to those ofPentapharsodinium tyrrhenicum and Ensiculifera carinata however, the motile cells had aspine located in the anterior sulcal plate, and many pores and spines on the thecal surface.Molecular phylogenetic analysis using internal transcribed spacer and 5.8s rDNA showed thatP. jinhaense was closely related to P. tyrrhenicum. Large subunit ribosomal DNA sequencesalso revealed that P. jinhaense was nested within Pentapharsodinium and formed a stronglysupported clade with P. dalei and P. tyrrhenicum.