Detection and classification of red-tide outbreaks using big database (in situ, model, satellite data)

Abstract

Satellite remote sensing has been successfully employed to monitor and detect the increasing incidence of harmful algal blooms (HABs) under various water conditions. To expand our understanding of how red tide blooms clarify non-red tide water in various water conditions, we used the available data set for a continuous and systematic study of algal bloom such as in situ (hydrographic data and red-tide incubation data), Hydrolight simulation, and MODIS satellite data (included temporal and spatial information of red tide events from 2002 to 2015). The spectral characteristics of HAB species were identified with wide range of absorption and backscattering spectra and compared with in situ and satellite spectra. We distinguished true red tide water from non-red tide water and compared user accuracy with various red-tide detection algorithms. The spectral characteristics of red-tide species were that increased phytoplankton absorption at 443 nm and pigment backscattering 555 nm. However, C. polykrikoides red tide blooms showed discolored waters with enhanced pigment concentrations, high chlorophyll, fluorescence, and absorption at 443 nm resulted in a steeper slope between 488 and 555 nm with a hinge point at 488 nm in MODIS bands. On the other hand, non-red tide water and/or other red-tide species typically were presented by broader radiance spectra between the blue and green bands were associated with relatid tide water in various water conditions, we used the available data set for a continuous and systematic study of algal bloom such as in situ (hydrographic data and red-tide incubation data), Hydrolight simulation, and MODIS satellite data (included temporal and spatial information of red tide events from 2002 to 2015). The spectral characteristics of HAB species were identified with wide range of absorption and backscattering spectra and compared with in situ and satellite spectra. We distinguished true red tide water from non-red tide water and compared user accuracy with various red-tide detection algorithms. The spectral characteristics of red-tide species were that increased phytoplankton absorption at 443 nm and pigment backscattering 555 nm. However, C. polykrikoides red tide blooms showed discolored waters with enhanced pigment concentrations, high chlorophyll, fluorescence, and absorption at 443 nm resulted in a steeper slope between 488 and 555 nm with a hinge point at 488 nm in MODIS bands. On the other hand, non-red tide water and/or other red-tide species typically were presented by broader radiance spectra between the blue and green bands were associated with relati