DIETARY EXPOSED TO WEATHERED IRANIAN HEAVY CRUDE OIL: ON THE DETOXIFICATION AND IMMUNE SYSTEM IN ROCKFISH

Abstract

This study examines whether acute toxic responses played by the immune system depend on which metabolic pathway was induced after feeding exposure the weathered Iranian Heavy Crude Oil (WIHCO). Following exposure, hepatodetoxification enzymes activity (Cytochrome P4501A CYP1A and glutathione-S-transferase GST) increased highly in fish exposed to weathered IHCO during initial stage. Similarly, mRNA levels of CYP1A, Aryl hydrocarbon receptor 2 (AhR 2), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), Tumor Protein P53 (p53), and Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG 15) were expressed highly in the kidney at the early stages of exposure (6 h after exposure). In this study, the apoptosis, phagocytosis activity and cell cycle arrest analysis of juvenile rockfish exposed to WIHCO were measured by flow cytometry, a novel approach. Our results demonstrated that WIHCO caused an induction of apoptosis and inhibition of phagocytic activity in juvenile Rockfish. Several immune-related genes in oil-fed fish were induced at the initial stage of exposure to the WIHCO but decreased to less than that of the control group after the initial stage of response. Therefore, exposure to residual WIHCO can lead to a variety of toxic response including the narcosis and carcinogenicity through mechanism of biotransformation and immune system. It is important that the fish feeding habits may ses activity (Cytochrome P4501A CYP1A and glutathione-S-transferase GST) increased highly in fish exposed to weathered IHCO during initial stage. Similarly, mRNA levels of CYP1A, Aryl hydrocarbon receptor 2 (AhR 2), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), Tumor Protein P53 (p53), and Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG 15) were expressed highly in the kidney at the early stages of exposure (6 h after exposure). In this study, the apoptosis, phagocytosis activity and cell cycle arrest analysis of juvenile rockfish exposed to WIHCO were measured by flow cytometry, a novel approach. Our results demonstrated that WIHCO caused an induction of apoptosis and inhibition of phagocytic activity in juvenile Rockfish. Several immune-related genes in oil-fed fish were induced at the initial stage of exposure to the WIHCO but decreased to less than that of the control group after the initial stage of response. Therefore, exposure to residual WIHCO can lead to a variety of toxic response including the narcosis and carcinogenicity through mechanism of biotransformation and immune system. It is important that the fish feeding habits may s