DEVELOPMENTAL TOXIC EFFECS OF ANTIFOULING PAINTS ON EMBRYONIC FLOUNDER (Paralichthys olivaceus)

Abstract

Since the restriction on the use of organotin compounds in antifouling application, the use of alternative biocides has increased attention to their ecological and environmental relevance. However, the limited information of those biocides is available on the developmental toxicity to nan-target marine organism. Evaluation of the toxic effects associated with all the occurrence of active ingredients, including alternative biocides, in antifouling paints is also needed. The present study evaluated the developmental toxicity of the alternative antifouling compounds including Diuron, Irgarol 1051 and Sea nine 211 and the effluents from water jet ship hull cleaning on the early developmental stages of flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). At 72h after exposure, frequency percentage of mortality was 5% in the exposure group of 1000 ug/L for Irgarol 1051 and 10% in 1000 ug/L for Diuron. But embryos exposured to 100 ug/L of sea-nine 211 were shown 100% of mortality. Overall, three biocides produced a largely overlapping suite of defects, marked by the well-known effects including caudal fin fold defects, dorsal curvature, and pericardial edema. Those biocides may be ranked in the following order from highest malformation and mortalities Sea nine 211 > Irgarol 1051 > Diuron. In embryos exposed to the diluted (&#61620 250) water jet effluent, the frequency percentage rate of observed caudal fin defects, pericardial edema, and is available on the developmental toxicity to nan-target marine organism. Evaluation of the toxic effects associated with all the occurrence of active ingredients, including alternative biocides, in antifouling paints is also needed. The present study evaluated the developmental toxicity of the alternative antifouling compounds including Diuron, Irgarol 1051 and Sea nine 211 and the effluents from water jet ship hull cleaning on the early developmental stages of flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). At 72h after exposure, frequency percentage of mortality was 5% in the exposure group of 1000 ug/L for Irgarol 1051 and 10% in 1000 ug/L for Diuron. But embryos exposured to 100 ug/L of sea-nine 211 were shown 100% of mortality. Overall, three biocides produced a largely overlapping suite of defects, marked by the well-known effects including caudal fin fold defects, dorsal curvature, and pericardial edema. Those biocides may be ranked in the following order from highest malformation and mortalities Sea nine 211 > Irgarol 1051 > Diuron. In embryos exposed to the diluted (&#61620 250) water jet effluent, the frequency percentage rate of observed caudal fin defects, pericardial edema, and