Acute toxicity of antifouling biocides and water-jet derivatives to copepod Acartia omorii and Paracalanus parvus s. l.

Abstract

Copepods, the dominant member of the zooplankton and major grazers for phytoplankton in pelagic ecosystem, are at risk from exposure to antifouling biocides. This study investigated the toxicity of antifouling biocides (Diuron, Irgarol 1051, Sea-nine 211) and water-jet derivatives [water-jet effluent (WJE) and its MeOH extract (WJEME)] to the copepod Acartia omorii and Paracalanus parvus s. l., using egg hatching rate and nauplius mortality. Results showed that Sea-nine 211 had the strongest effects on hatching rates and nauplius mortality of both species, followed by Diruon and Irgarol 1051. In water-jet derivatives, the egg hatching rate of P. parvus s.l in WJE was slightly lower than that of WJEME, but no significant difference between the treatments was observed in A. omorii. The mortality rate of both species was higher in WJE than in WJEME. Although our study needs to be verified thorough additional experiments, our results can be used for baseline study concerning the toxicity of antifouling biocides against marine environment., Sea-nine 211) and water-jet derivatives [water-jet effluent (WJE) and its MeOH extract (WJEME)] to the copepod Acartia omorii and Paracalanus parvus s. l., using egg hatching rate and nauplius mortality. Results showed that Sea-nine 211 had the strongest effects on hatching rates and nauplius mortality of both species, followed by Diruon and Irgarol 1051. In water-jet derivatives, the egg hatching rate of P. parvus s.l in WJE was slightly lower than that of WJEME, but no significant difference between the treatments was observed in A. omorii. The mortality rate of both species was higher in WJE than in WJEME. Although our study needs to be verified thorough additional experiments, our results can be used for baseline study concerning the toxicity of antifouling biocides against marine environment.