Effects of biocides of antifouling paints and by-products from vessels on embryos of a sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus nudus

Abstract

In this study, we aimed to assess the toxicity of biocides included in antifouling paints and by-products from vessels on embryos of a sea urchin, Strongyrocentrotus nudus. In this study evaluated toxicity on the 3 kinds of biocide (Sea-nine 211, Diuron, Irgarol 1051), wastes from a water jet cleaning from the R/V Eardo of KIOST and the waste extractions with MeOH. The fertilization rate of embryos exposed on biocides such as Diuron and Irgarol was more than 96% at the concentration of 1000 &micro g/L, but that exposed on the Sea-nine was less than 15% at the exposure concentration of 10 &micro g/L. The EC50 values of Diuron, Irgarol, and Sea-nine were 10.8 mg/L, 4.5 mg/L, and 8.1 &micro g/L, respectively. Thefertilization rate of water jet was 79±5.8% at 0.001% solution, and the fertilization rate in 0.1% and 0.01% solutions were 0.4±0.6% and 0.2±0.5%, respectively, statistically different from the control. The water jet sample had a low fertilization rate of less than 50% even at 800-fold diluted solution with sea water (0.00125%). The extracts with MeOH showed 0% at all concentrations of 10%, 100%, and 1,000-fold dilutions and at 100,000-fold diluted solution, the fertilization rate reached at 90%. In the case of larval development test, normal hatching of over 80% was observed at the concentration of up to 1,000 μg/L of Diuron and Irgarol whereas normal pluteus larvae did not hatch at exposure concentratie 211, Diuron, Irgarol 1051), wastes from a water jet cleaning from the R/V Eardo of KIOST and the waste extractions with MeOH. The fertilization rate of embryos exposed on biocides such as Diuron and Irgarol was more than 96% at the concentration of 1000 &micro g/L, but that exposed on the Sea-nine was less than 15% at the exposure concentration of 10 &micro g/L. The EC50 values of Diuron, Irgarol, and Sea-nine were 10.8 mg/L, 4.5 mg/L, and 8.1 &micro g/L, respectively. Thefertilization rate of water jet was 79±5.8% at 0.001% solution, and the fertilization rate in 0.1% and 0.01% solutions were 0.4±0.6% and 0.2±0.5%, respectively, statistically different from the control. The water jet sample had a low fertilization rate of less than 50% even at 800-fold diluted solution with sea water (0.00125%). The extracts with MeOH showed 0% at all concentrations of 10%, 100%, and 1,000-fold dilutions and at 100,000-fold diluted solution, the fertilization rate reached at 90%. In the case of larval development test, normal hatching of over 80% was observed at the concentration of up to 1,000 μg/L of Diuron and Irgarol whereas normal pluteus larvae did not hatch at exposure concentrati