Differentially expressed genes in Naproxen exposed Hydra

Abstract

The extensive use in humans and animals of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) increases their possible impact on aquatic organisms. In the present study, we investigated acute toxicity, morphological responses, and potential physiological and metabolic impacts of naproxen exposure on Hydra magnipapillata. The median lethal concentrations (LC50) of naproxen in H. magnipapillata were 52.0 mg/L, 44.9 mg/L, and 42.5 mg/L after exposure for 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. Morphological observation of the exposed Hydra showed that 40 mg/L naproxen stimulated the contraction of body column and tentacles after 24 h. A KEGG pathway analysis of the genes differentially expressed in the Hydra after exposure tonaproxen for 6, 24, or 48 h demonstrated various cellular and metabolic effects, including protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, Wnt signaling, and tryptophan metabolism. These results suggest that exposure to naproxen affects the genetic material, inflammatory processes, and metabolic processes of aquatic organisms.