해양저서생물에 미치는 해양산성화와 저산소의 영향

Abstract

Ocean acidification is now regarded as one of the most threatening stressors on marine ecosystems. Because high CO2 event in the seawater is often accompanied by lowly dissolved oxygen (DO), the effect of ocean acidification should be studied in relation with low oxygen. Here I show the two case studies on the effect of ocean acidification and low oxygen on marine invertebrates: 1. Red abalone, and 2. Interaction between clams and crabs. To explore the possibility that coastal upwelling characterized by low pH and low DO influences the growth and mortality of red abalone (Haliotis rufescens), the population was intermittently exposed to low pH and low DO conditions. While low DO increased the mortality of abalone, low pH decreased the growth rate suggesting that DO and pH separately influence the physiology of red abalone. To determine if low pH and low DO events influence the interaction between manila clams (Venerupis philippinarum) and yellow shore crabs (Hemigrapsus oregonensis), a series of experiments were conducted. Only low pH and low DO decreased burrowing behavior of manila clams and thus increased the consumption rate of shore crabs, suggesting that there is a synergistic effect between CO2 and oxygen. Given all results, marine invertebrates could be differently influenced by ocean acidification depending on species, and high CO2, combining with low DO conditions, can influence some of marine species and eed in relation with low oxygen. Here I show the two case studies on the effect of ocean acidification and low oxygen on marine invertebrates: 1. Red abalone, and 2. Interaction between clams and crabs. To explore the possibility that coastal upwelling characterized by low pH and low DO influences the growth and mortality of red abalone (Haliotis rufescens), the population was intermittently exposed to low pH and low DO conditions. While low DO increased the mortality of abalone, low pH decreased the growth rate suggesting that DO and pH separately influence the physiology of red abalone. To determine if low pH and low DO events influence the interaction between manila clams (Venerupis philippinarum) and yellow shore crabs (Hemigrapsus oregonensis), a series of experiments were conducted. Only low pH and low DO decreased burrowing behavior of manila clams and thus increased the consumption rate of shore crabs, suggesting that there is a synergistic effect between CO2 and oxygen. Given all results, marine invertebrates could be differently influenced by ocean acidification depending on species, and high CO2, combining with low DO conditions, can influence some of marine species and e